ABSTRACT The vicuña is an emblematic species of fauna conservation in Peru. The vicuña population recovered after several years of timely measures for their conservation, moving to appendix II of CITES. Currently there are vicuñas that are kept free (silvestry) and populations kept enclosed in permanent fences (captivity). During 2018, 58 programmed captures (known as Chacus) were done in the Cusco Region, capturing 6777 animals, corresponding to 3229 and 3548 heads for silvestry and captivity, respectively. The age distribution in the case of juveniles was higher in silvestry (18.08%) with respect to the captivity system (7.2%), which would be evidence of the existence of higher mortality in this population. The 2012 national census indicated a higher proportion of female vicuñas in the general population of the Cusco Region; however, in this work similar populations were found by sex in both rearing systems. The proportion of vicuñas sheared with respect to those captured was 52.95 and 30.21% for silvestry and captivity, respectively, while fibre production was 172.4 and 156.7 g per animal on average for silvestry and captivity, respectively. These results lead to the possibility of rethinking the use of permanent fences in the breeding of vicuñas in captivity to produce fibre, considering the lower productive levels obtained in this management system.

RESUMEN La vicuña es una especie emblemática de la conservación de fauna en el Perú. La población de vicuñas se recuperó después de varios años de medidas oportunas para su conservación, pasando al apéndice II del CITES. En la actualidad existen vicuñas que se mantienen libres (silvestría) y poblaciones mantenidas encerradas en cercos permanentes (cautiverio). Durante 2018 se realizaron 58 capturas programadas (llamadas Chacus) en la Región Cusco, capturando 6777 animales, correspondiendo 3229 y 3548 cabezas para silvestría y cautividad, respectivamente. La distribución etaria en el caso de juveniles fue mayor en silvestría (18.08%) con respecto al sistema de cautividad (7.2%), lo cual estaría evidenciando la existencia de mayor mortalidad en esta población. El censo nacional de 2012 indica una mayor proporción de hembras en la población general de la Región Cusco; sin embargo, en este trabajo se encontraron poblaciones similares por sexo en ambos sistemas de crianza. La proporción de vicuñas esquiladas respecto a las capturadas fue de 52.95 y 30.21% para silvestría y cautividad, respectivamente, en tanto que la producción de fibra fue de 172.4 y 156.7 g por animal en promedio para silvestría y cautividad, respectivamente. Estos resultados conllevan a la posibilidad de replantear el uso de cercos permanentes en la crianza de vicuñas en cautiverio para la producción de fibra, considerando los menores niveles productivos obtenidos en este sistema de manejo.

ABSTRACT The work aimed to evaluate the effect of two doses of eCG on the superovulatory response, embryonic recovery rate and reproductive disorders. Thirty-two clinically healthy adult llamas were used, divided into two groups: Group I (700 IU eCG; n = 15) and Group II (500 IU eCG; n = 21). The superovulation protocol included: day 1, induction of ovulation (GnRH); day 4, application of eCG according to the dose established for each group; day 8, application of luteolytic (PGF2á); day 11, ultrasound to verify the number of follicles and application of GnRH analog; days 11 and 12, natural mating to induce ovulation; day 19, uterine lavage and embryo recovery (it was considered as cervical torsion when the Foley catheter was difficult to pass to the uterus); day 26: ultrasound evaluation to determine the presence of reproductive disorders. The number of follicles per female for groups I and II was 4.9 and 3.7, respectively. The number of embryos collected was 1.6 and 2.6 per female in groups I and II, respectively, which would indicate the existence of possible ovulatory failure or early luteinization in group I. The frequency of persistent follicular cysts and corpus luteum was higher in Group I compared to Group II, while the frequency of metritis and cervical torsion were similar in both groups. It is concluded that the 500 IU dose of eCG allows obtaining a smaller number of follicles, but a greater number of embryos and a lower frequency of reproductive problems in the posttreatment.

RESUMEN El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de dos dosis de eCG sobre la respuesta superovulatoria, tasa de recuperación embrionaria y alteraciones reproductivas inducidas. Se utilizaron 32 llamas adultas, clínicamente sanas, distribuidas en dos grupos: Grupo I (700 UI eCG; n=15) y Grupo II (500 UI eCG; n=21). El protocolo de superovulación incluyó: día 1, inducción de ovulación (GnRH); día 4, aplicación eCG, según dosis establecida para cada grupo; día 8, aplicación de luteolítico (PGF2a); día 11, ecografía para verificar el número de folículos y aplicación de análogo de GnRH; días 11 y 12, monta natural para inducir ovulación; día 19, lavado uterino y recuperación de embriones (se consideró como torsión cervical cuando se dificultó el paso de la sonda Foley hacia el útero); día 26: evaluación ecográfica para determinar la presencia de alteraciones reproductivas. El número de folículos por hembra para los grupos I y II fue de 4.9 y 3.7, respectivamente. El número de embriones colectados fue de 1.6 y 2.6 por hembra en los grupos I y II, respectivamente, lo cual indicaría la existencia de posibles fallas ovulatorias o luteinizaciones tempranas en el grupo I. La frecuencia de quistes foliculares y cuerpos lúteos persistentes fue superior en el grupo I respecto al grupo II, mientras que la frecuencia de metritis y torsiones cervicales fueron similares en ambos grupos. Se concluye que la dosis de 500 UI de eCG permite obtener una menor cantidad de folículos, pero un mayor número de embriones y menor frecuencia de problemas reproductivos en el pos-tratamiento.

Introduction The changes in the professional practice have transformed the intention of medical students to choose a surgical career. Aim Evaluate the factors associated with this intention in a context of accelerated educational and health dynamics. Materials and Method We evaluated the intention of the students of ten medical schools in Colombia, and the associated factors, through a questionnaire (Likert scale) settled from a literature review. We identify the association between the factors and the intention by using linear regression analysis. The results of the regression are presented by β coefficients (p < 0.05). Results A total of 252 students (65.87% women) were included in the analysis. The average of the intention was 3.15 ± 1.34 (1-5). The factors significantly associated were: identification with the surgical lifestyle (β = 0.25); identification with models (β = 0.18); personal attributes (β = 0.25) and identification with the professional practice of the surgeon (β = 0.16). We did not find significant associations with gender (women in the specialty), prestige, postgraduate dynamics and future rewards. Conclusion There is a moderate intention to choose a career in surgery among Colombian medical undergraduates. Choosing this career requires personal attributes, models and identification with the lifestyle and professional practice of the surgeon. Further qualitative studies are necessary to explore these results in depth, as well as interventions to stimulate this intention among students.

Resumen Introducción Los cambios en la práctica profesional han transformado la intención de los estudiantes de medicina de optar por una carrera en cirugía. Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados con esta intención en un contexto de acelerada dinámica educativa y sanitaria. Materiales y Método Evaluamos la intención de los estudiantes de diez facultades de medicina en Colombia, y los factores asociados, mediante un cuestionario (escala de Likert) desarrollado a partir de la revisión de la literatura. Identificamos la asociación entre los factores y la intención mediante un análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados de la regresión se presentan mediante coeficientes β (p < 0,05). Resultados Un total de 252 estudiantes (65,87% mujeres) fueron incluidos en el análisis. El promedio de la intención fue 3,15 ± 1,34 (1-5). Los factores significativamente asociados fueron: identificación con el estilo de vida quirúrgico (β = 0,25); identificación con modelos (β = 0,18); atributos personales (β = 0,25) e identificación con la práctica profesional del cirujano (β = 0,16). No encontramos asociación significativa con el género (mujeres en la especialidad), prestigio, dinámica del posgrado ni recompensa futura. Conclusión Existe una intención moderada de elegir una carrera de cirugía entre estudiantes de medicina colombianos. Optar por esta carrera requiere atributos personales, modelos e identificación con el estilo de vida y práctica profesional del cirujano. Se requieren estudios cualitativos que exploren en profundidad estos resultados e intervenciones focalizadas a estimular esta intención entre los estudiantes.

Resumo As indústrias de fundição de ferro fundido usam em seu processo grande quantidade de sucata zincada, o que tem contribuído para a redução da campanha do revestimento refratário de fornos de indução a cadinho já que o vapor de zinco formado no aquecimento migra para o centro do refratário, condensando em regiões externas do forno, próximo à bobina refrigerada, gerando curto circuito entre as espiras. O revestimento refratário usado é uma massa seca à base de sílica conformada por vibração. Foram comparadas quatro massas de sílica, com base na morfologia e distribuição granulométrica, para explicar o comportamento de adensamento. Foram avaliadas também a porosidade aberta, absorção de água e retração linear das massas sinterizadas. A massa que apresentou maior densidade vibrada e sinterizada foi indicada para minimizar penetração de vapores e escórias. A única restrição seria a maior influência do processo de compactação sobre o adensamento deste material.

Abstract The cast iron foundry industries use a large amount of scrap zinc in their process which has contributed to the reduction of the refractory campaign on induction furnaces by the generation of zinc vapor that migrates to the center of the refractory lining, condensing in outer regions of the furnace which generates a short circuit between the turns. The refractory lining used in the furnaces is a dry mass based on silica conformed by vibration. Four silica refractories were compared, based on the morphology and particle size distribution to explain the densification behavior. Open porosity, water absorption and linear retraction of the sintered mass were also evaluated. The mass that presented a higher vibrated and sintered density would be indicated to minimize the penetration of vapors and slags. The only restriction would be the greater influence of the compaction process of this material.

This aim of this study was to describe the fibre diameter and fleece weight of vicuñas in the Cusco Region, Peru. The fibre diameter of 302 fibre samples of young, juveniles and adult vicuñas were evaluated using an OFDA 2000® equipment. The samples were collected in different programmed captures (called Chaccus) under two management systems: wildness and semi-captivity. In addition, 633 fleeces were weighed and differentiated by age, sex and type of management of the animals. The present study was authorized through the Resolution of General Direction N.° 180-2016-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS. The average fineness of the fibre of young (13.24 µm), juveniles (12.03 µm) and adults (12.72 µm) was determined. The fineness of fibre for males and females was 12.99 and 13.53 µm in young, 12.06 and 12.02 µm in juveniles and 12.88 and 12.58 µm in adults respectively. The smallest diameter of the fibre was found in juvenile vicuñas raised in the wildness (11.88 µm) and in the locality of Canllini (11.49 µm). The weight of fleece was greater in vicuñas raised in the wildness (165.01 g) and in adult animals (162.97 g), and without statistical differences between sexes. It is concluded that the best fibre characteristics were found in animals maintained in the wild.

Con el objetivo de describir el diámetro de fibra y el peso de vellón de vicuñas en la Región Cusco, se evaluaron 302 muestras de fibra de vicuñas crías, juveniles y adultas mediante un equipo OFDA 2000®, colectadas en diferentes capturas programadas (denominadas Chaccus) bajo dos sistemas de manejo: silvestría y semicautividad. Se registró, además, el peso de 633 vellones diferenciados por edad, sexo y tipo de manejo de los animales. El presente estudio estuvo amparado con la Resolución de Dirección General N° 180-2016-SERFOR/DGGSPFFS. Se determinó la finura promedio de fibra de crías (13.24 µm), juveniles (12.03 µm) y adultos (12.72 µm). La finura para machos y hembras fue de 12.99 y 13.53 µm en las crías, 12.06 y 12.02 µm en los juveniles y 12.88 y 12.58 µm en los adultos, respectivamente. El menor diámetro de fibra se presentó en vicuñas juveniles en silvestría (11.88 µm) y en la localidad de Canllini (11.49 µm). El peso de vellón fue mayor en silvestría (165.01 g) y en animales adultos (162.97 g), sin hallar diferencia entre sexos. Se concluye que las mejores características de fibra se encontraron en animales mantenidos en silvestría.

Resumo Este artigo teve por objetivo mostrar a aplicação de uma metodologia para inspeção de fachadas em edifícios, baseada em modelos pré-estruturados. Foram vistoriados três prédios com revestimento externo em cerâmica, totalizando 4958 m2 de área de fachada inspecionada. Mediante a inspeção visual, realizou-se o levantamento das áreas das manifestações patológicas por região e orientação cardeal da fachada e definiram-se os níveis de degradação. Foram realizados testes de percussão nas fachadas e ensaios de absorção de água e expansão por umidade nas placas cerâmicas. Como complemento, levantaram-se as informações referentes aos edifícios por meio de entrevistas e análises de projetos. Foi elaborada a matriz de correlação anomalias versus causas, que permitiu avaliar a origem dos danos. As anomalias com maior ocorrência nos edifícios foram as manchas e sujeiras e a deterioração nos rejuntes. Constatou-se a influência da cor das cerâmicas e da posição das fachadas no desplacamento. Com base nos ensaios de absorção de água, verificou-se que dois edifícios apresentaram cerâmicas com alto índice de absorção e a análise das regiões de fachadas mostrou que a ausência de juntas foi uma das causas do desplacamento em paredes contínuas e na transição entre pavimentos.

Abstract This article aimed to show the application of a methodology for inspection of facades in buildings, based on pre-structured models. Three buildings with external ceramic coating were inspected, with the total inspected facade area of 4958 m2. By visual inspection, a survey of the areas of pathological manifestations by region and cardinal of the facade orientation was obtained, and the degradation levels were defined. Percussion test in the facades and water absorption and expansion by moisture tests in the ceramic plaques were performed. Relevant data concerning the buildings were obtained with interviews. The correlation matrix anomalies versus causes was elaborated, which allowed to assess the origin of the damage. Anomalies with greater occurrence in buildings were the stains and dirt and the deterioration in grouts. It was found the influence of the ceramic color and the position of facades on peeling. From the water absorption test, it was found that the ceramics of two buildings had high rate of absorption, and the analysis of facades regions showed that the absence of movement joints was one of the causes of peeling in the continuous walls and the transition between floors.

The characterization of the cellular forms found in vaginal smears of non-pregnant alpacas was carried out, as well as the characterization of the maturation index in various physiological stages (non-pregnant, pregnant, early post-partum, post-copula) and the description of the vaginal tissue of non-pregnant and pregnant females to determine structural differences. Differences in the maturation index between non-pregnant and pregnant alpacas could be useful as a diagnostic method of gestation.

Se realizó una caracterización de las formas celulares encontradas en frotices vaginales de alpacas vacías, así como la caracterización del índice de maduración en diferentes estadios fisiológicos (hembras vacías, preñadas, posparto temprano, pos-cópula) y la descripción del tejido vaginal de hembras vacías y preñadas para determinar diferencias estructurales. Las diferencias del índice de maduración entre alpacas vacías y preñadas podrían ser útiles como método de diagnóstico de gestación.

Este trabalho foi realizado para analisar os parâmetros microbiológicos da qualidade da água de um reservatório destinado a irrigação e à cultivo de tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em tanques redes. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros físico-químicos, quantificação de bactérias totais aeróbias mesófilas, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, estreptococos fecais e a detecção de E. coli em amostras de água coletada em três pontos distintos do açude (pré-cultivo, cultivo, pós-cultivo). Os níveis de amônia (0,047-0,059 mg/L), nitrito (0,001-0,021 mg/L) e fósforo total (0,050-0,355 mg/L) na água não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0.05) entre os pontos de coleta. As contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variaram entre 1,3 x 104 e 67,3 x 104 UFC/100 mL nas amostras de água. O NMP de coliformes termotolerantes (< 930 NMP/100 mL) se apresentou dentro do limite permitido para águas doces destinadas a piscicultura e/ou irrigação. A presença de E. coli foi constatada em 48% e de estreptococos fecais em 56% das amostras de água analisadas. O local de cultivo de tilápia em tanques-rede apresentou maior número de amostras contaminadas com E. coli e estreptococos fecais que outros pontos de amostragem.

This work was carried out to analyse the microbiological parameters of the water quality of a reservoir used for the irrigation and culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in floating net cages. The physico-chemical parameters, counts of mesophilic total aerobic bacteria, total and thermotolerant coliforms and fecal streptococci, and the presence of Escherichia coli in samples of water collected in three sites of the reservoir (pre-culture site, culture site, post-culture site) were analysed. The levels of ammonia (0.047-0.059 mg/L), nitrite (0.001-0.021 mg/L) and total phosphorus (0.050-0.355 mg/L) in the water did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between sampling sites. The levels of total bacteria in the water varied between 1.3 x 104 and 67.3 x 104 CFU/100 mL. The MPN values of thermotolerant coliforms (< 930 MPN/100 mL) were within values recommended for water used for fish culture and/or irrigation. The presence of E. coli and fecal streptococci were verified in 48% and 56% of analysed samples, respectively. The site with floating net cages showed more samples contaminated with E. coli and fecal streptococci than other sampling points.

The aim of the present study was to determine the ovulation rate using GnRH (buserelin) and seminal plasma of alpaca as ovulation inductors in alpacas and llamas. For this, 93 alpacas and 92 llamas were distributed in two groups: a group treated with buserelin (42 µg) IM, and a group treated with 1 ml of seminal plasma IM (50/50% seminal plasma of alpaca and PBS + antibiotics). The ovulation rate was 78.7 and 88.9% in alpacas and 80.6 and 70.0% in llamas using buserelin and seminal plasma respectively; and without statistical differences due to type of ovulation inductor, ovary carrying the preovulatory follicle or species.

Se trabajó con 93 alpacas y 92 llamas a fin de determinar el porcentaje de ovulación utilizando GnRH (buserelina) y plasma seminal de alpaca como inductor de ovulación en alpacas y llamas. Los animales se distribuyeron en dos grupos, un grupo tratado con 42 µg de buserelina intramuscular y otro grupo tratado con 1 ml de plasma seminal intramuscular (50/50% de plasma seminal y PBS + antibióticos). La tasa de ovulación fue de 78.7 y 88.9% en alpacas y 80.6 y 70.0 en llamas con buserelina y plasma seminal, respectivamente, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticas entre tipo de inductor, ovario con presencia de folículo preovulatorio o especie.

The aim of this study was to examine the chemistry and biochemistry of plant tissues and evaluate the growth parameters of maíze variety Lluteño (Zea mays L. amylacea type), to consider the alternative production of bioethanol from biomass waste obtained from the chaff of corn after harvest, in the valley of Lluta (Arica-Chile). The entire production of corn is geared mainly for fresh consumption, the dry biomass or chaff currently has no productive use. This material is burned and rarely incorporated into the soil and few farmers use it as fodder, wasting large volumes of biomass in the valley. This study estimated the content of ethanol from biomass and characterized the behavior of plants under field conditions from May to October 2008. The parameters examined during the crop phenology were biomass, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and total soluble sugars The results suggest that Lluteño corn has an exponential growth of biomass content and plant height, despite the high salinity and excess B in the soil and irrigation water; this increase in biomass was significant in the month of October, about 94%. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was maintained, showing not be a limiting factor in the assimilation of CO2. Total soluble sugars, also increased up to 86%, suggesting that Lluteño corn would use the significant increase of the organic solute to increase indirectly the potential bioethanol content; this solute may also act as an osmoregulator and/or osmoprotectant to maintain the water status of plants, thereby enabling a high production of biomass. The estimated levels of ethanol after harvest may be considered very good, noting that the sample was only from dry biomass and husks were not included; this being an important advantage that does not affect human consumption of this corn.

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la composición química y bioquímica de los tejidos vegetales y evaluar los parámetros de crecimiento del maíz "Lluteño" (Zea mays L. tipo amylacea), para considerar otra alternativa productiva de este cultivo, la producción de bioetanol, a partir de la biomasa de desecho obtenido de la "chala" de maíz, después de la cosecha en el valle de Lluta (Arica-Chile). La totalidad de la producción de este maíz se orienta, principalmente, al consumo fresco; la biomasa aérea seca o "chala", actualmente, no tiene un uso productivo, por el contrario, este material es quemado y muy pocas veces incorporado al suelo y pocos agricultores lo ocupan como forraje, desaprovechando, así, grandes volúmenes de biomasa. En el presente estudio se estimó el contenido de etanol a partir de esta biomasa y se caracterizó el comportamiento de las plantas en condiciones de campo, desde mayo a octubre del 2008. Los parámetros analizados durante la fenología del cultivo fueron el contenido de biomasa, el contenido relativo de agua (CRA), cuantificación del contenido de clorofilas y azúcares solubles totales. Los resultados sugieren que el maíz "Lluteño" tiene un crecimiento exponencial del contenido de biomasa y de la altura, a pesar de la alta salinidad y exceso de B, presente en el suelo y agua de riego; este incremento de la biomasa fue significativo en el mes de octubre, alrededor de un 94%. El contenido de clorofilas en las hojas se mantuvo, mostrando así no ser una limitante en la asimilación del CO2. En este sentido, el contenido de azúcares solubles totales también se incrementó hasta un 86%, sugiriendo que el maíz "Lluteño" utilizaría el aumento significativo de este soluto orgánico para incrementar el contenido de bioetanol; además, este soluto también podría actuar de osmorregulador y/o osmoprotector para mantener el estado hídrico de las plantas, permitiendo, así, una alta producción de la biomasa. En cuanto a los niveles de etanol estimados después de cosecha se pueden considerar muy buenos destacando que la muestra analizada fue sólo a partir de biomasa seca y no se incluyó la mazorca, siendo una ventaja importante que no afecta el consumo humano de este maíz.

The sperm hyperactivation is a step of the spermatozoa capacitation and consists on a change in the pattern of movements, the variation of the angle of the head, and the longitude and width of the movement of the tail. The objective of the present study was to determine the difference in movement patterns of spermatozoa and the frequency of hyperactive spermatozoa in the oviduct according to the time after mating. The recovery of the spermatozoa in five alpacas was done after 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hours post mating. Sperms were evaluated according to the pattern of movement. The frequency of hyperactive spermatozoa increased until 28 hours post copula (71.4%).

La hiperactivación espermática es un paso de la capacitación de los espermatozoides, consistente en un cambio en el patrón de movimiento, destacando la variación del ángulo de la cabeza, la longitud y amplitud del movimiento del flagelo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la diferencia entre los patrones de motilidad espermática, así como la frecuencia de espermatozoides hiperactivados en el oviducto, según el tiempo post cópula. La recuperación de los espermatozoides del oviducto de cinco alpacas se hizo a las 16, 20, 24, 28 y 32 horas post cópula. Los espermatozoides se evaluaron en base a su patrón de movimiento. El porcentaje de espermatozoides hiperactivados se incrementó hasta las 28 horas post cópula (71.4%).

The sexual steroid receptors of the genital tract of the female has importance since on them the hormones responsible for their development and morphofuncional changes act. Due that in their control mechanism one of the factors to be kept in mind is the possible differences among the diverse species. The objective of our study was to compare in two different species sheep (O) ( n=6) and canine (P) ( n=6) the presence of receptors of estrogens (RE), progesterone (RP) and the presence of CBG in ovary, oviduct and uterus of female prepúberes (O:n=3; Pn=·3) and mature: (O:n=3; Pn=·3) We use H-E tint and and inmunocito chemistry according to technique of Stenberger. The results revealed: in both species of animals during the estral cycle: Inmunorreactivity (RI) positive marked for estrogens in uterus, oviduct and ovary being comparatively much more numerous RE in dog oviduct that in sheep. In both animals in anestro RE was negative or light in uterus, without evidenced of their presence in other organs. The RP varied according to the stage of the cycle not showing remarkables differences among the species. In the prepuber female sheep RE and RP were detected while in dogs they were not evidenced. The CBG showed positivity in the tract of both animals during the cycle and it was negative in both prepuber species We concludes that differences exist especially in prepuber female where the presence of RE and RP are detectable in sheep and no detectable in dogs, being further the comparatively presence of RE in dog oviduct in cycle more marked that in sheep in the same stage.

Los receptores esteroidales sexuales del tracto genital de la hembra tienen importancia ya que a través de ellos actúan las hormonas responsables de su desarrollo y de sus cambios morfofuncionales. Dado que en su mecanismo de control uno de los factores a tenerse en cuenta son las posibles diferencias entre las distintas especies, los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron comparar en dos especies distintas la ovina (O) (n=6) y la canina (P) (n=6) la presencia de receptores de estrógenos (RE), progesterona (RP) y de CBG en ovario, tuba uterina y útero de hembras prepúberes (O:n=3; P:n=·3) y adultas (O:n=3; P:n=3). Se realizaron tinción con H-E e inmunocitoquimica según técnica de Stenberger. Los resultados revelaron: en ambas especies en animales durante el ciclo estral inmunorreactividad (IR) positiva marcada para estrógenos en útero, oviducto y ovario siendo comparativamente los RE más numerosos en oviducto de perra que en oveja. En ambos animales en anestro, la IR para RE fue negativa o leve en útero, no evidenciándose su presencia en otros órganos. Los RP variaron según el estadio del ciclo, no mostrando diferencias destacables entre las especies. En las hembras prepúberes de oveja fueron detectados RE Y RP, mientras que en perras éstos no fueron evidenciados. La CBG mostró IR positiva en el tracto de ambos animales durante el ciclo y fue negativa en prepúberes para ambas especies. Se concluye que existen diferencias, especialmente en hembras prepúberes, donde la presencia de RE y RP es detectable en ovejas no así en perras, siendo además, la presencia de RE comparativamente más marcada en tuba uterina de perra en ciclo que en oveja en el mismo estadio

Background: The success of revascularization procedures for coronary artery disease could be lower in diabetic patients. Aim: To report the results of coronary angioplasty in diabetic and non diabetic patients. Patients and methods: All angioplasty procedures performed between 1996 and 1999 were recorded. Demographic data, procedure details, hospital outcome and evolution at one year of follow up were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 358 patients were treated; of these, 79 were diabetics. Despite the greater severity of coronary lesions among diabetic patients the clinical success of the procedure was 92.4% in diabetics and 91.8% in non diabetics. Hospital mortality was 1.3% in diabetics and 0.7% in non diabetics. Major complications occurred in 3.8% of diabetics and 3.2% in non diabetics. One year survival was 95.9% for diabetics and 98% in non diabetics. There were five late cardiac deaths among non diabetics and 3 among diabetics during the year of follow up. The frequency of new revascularization procedures was 4.3% in diabetics and 8.3% in non diabetics. Event-free survival was 95.6% in diabetics and 89.2% in non diabetics. Conclusions: Results of angioplasty were similar in diabetic and non diabetic patients in terms of hospital outcome and late follow-up (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 861-70).

Background. The classification of coronary lesion complexity, using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) is a predictor of balloon angioplasty success. Stents have improved results even in complex lesions. Aim. To compare the ACC/ AHA and the new Society for Cardiac Angiography (SCAepsilonI) coronary lesion scores as predictors of angioplasty success. Patients and Methods. Alí consecutive angioplasty procedures (n=346, 456 lesions, 47% stents) were prospectively analized from August 1996 to March 1999. Coronary lesions were classified using the ACC/AHA and SCA&I scores. Angiographic success was assesed and its multivariate predictors determined with logistic regression analysis. Results. According to the ACC/AHA score, angiographic success was 97, 92.7, 93.3, and 82.3% in A, Bl, B2 and C lesions respectively (p=0.013). There only were significant differences in success between C and A, Bl or B2 lesions. According to the SCAepsilonI score success was achieved in 97.3, 97.9, 75.8 and 33.3% in nonCP, CP, nonCO and CO lesions respectively (P<0.001). With the SCAepsilonI score statistically significant differences in angiographic success were found for all lesion score comparisons, except between nonCP and CP lesions. No other variables had predictive value for angiographic success. Conclusions. Coronary angioplasty angiographic success is better predicted by the new SCAepsilonl lesion score than with the ACC/AHA lesion clasification in a group of patiens with frequent use of stents. (Rev Méd Chile 2001,129: 605-10)